- Are pacifists advocating
an intellectually disciplined way of living, or are they lighting an
ancient and eternal pathway?
Head or
Heart? Is that what this question is
asking? Which predominates among
pacifists as the basis for their action in real life? As I think back and remember the various
groups who ended up in detention for refusing to serve in the army, I am struck
by the great variety of experiences that combined to lead them to take this
stand. Those whose background was associated
with some branch of the Christian church were strongly motivated to remain
loyal to a vision which had captured them. There was usually a warmly felt bond
with others who shared their vision.
Intellectual thinking was often a very minor influence. The same applied to the majority of those who
stressed social solidarity of all workers, even beyond our shores.
But for a sizable
minority it was important to stake out a position that was intellectually
strong and able to hold its own with those who argued for the war. In fact, many had wrestled for some time, at
least in their own thinking, against the more popular views, expressed so
widely and often that they could not be ignored. Firm
intellectually tested convictions, and also heartfelt compassion for those who
suffer as a result of war and violence, both these have been present in varying
degrees among pacifists I have known.
And of course these qualities are found throughout every society, even
where they are scorned or severely curbed when the madness of war infects our
world.
2. Are not military power and
conquest essential to maintain our standard of living and security, else we
fall prey to hordes of hungry people or other tyrannies?
This has been the
assumption behind most Defence Department thinking in the richer Western
nations. Popular attitudes may support
this, with some reservations. But doubts
increase, as hungry people multiply their numbers, and risk death to escape an
intolerable situation. Superior power
can suppress this for a time, but a more permanent solution is needed. Climatic changes are making some parts of the
world unable to support their present population without help. Only an integrated, just and humane plan can
avoid widespread famine and suffering.
Our world is
surely rich enough in resources and human skill to find answers to disasters
such as now threaten. The thinking which
cared little about conditions beyond our shores must give way to a global cooperative
and compassionate approach, if we are
not to sink amid a multiplicity of human disasters. We cannot insulate our
privileged standard of living from the rest of humanity. There is a growing awareness that this is so,
though it still has to contend with forces that resist any major alteration of
the status quo.
At present a variety of
charity organisations struggle to provide some small amelioration of conditions
where poverty and hopelessness dominate, and a privileged elite is in
charge. Governments must accept more
responsibility to change this, and to offer hope by financing .joint
development projects or in other ways.
As regards military power, I would want to see nothing beyond a
glorified Armed Offenders Squad, concerned to disempower anti-social elements
but not to kill, and directed by an unarmed police force trained to work in a
restorative justice system. The sooner
this is established the sooner we will have a more peaceful society.
Read Part Two here
Read Part Two here
Responding to the first question and answer - we all contain within us quite conflicting aspects of our nature as humans. We are nurturing, gregarious and co-operative, but we can also be competitive and inclined to violence, especially if we feel aggrieved. These latter are the instincts that are promoted to encourage people to go to war, to enable soldiers to be callous and brutal, and so on.
ReplyDeleteIndeed it appears that the western culture is geared towards developing these tendencies, to the extent that people think this is the nature of humans, that if left to themselves humans are violent and destructive. This idea also helps populations approve of colonial adventures - bringing civilization to savages.
So to oppose this is a difficult intellectual task. Us or them, who do you choose?
I argue that this is an aberration, an orchestrated conditioning of whole populations, and that human nature is more deeply evolved to be co-operative and essentially peaceful. (In mammals generally violence only occurs in competition over females).
Societies that are peaceful become stronger. Religion - that is not subverted to political causes - promotes this wisdom.
In WWII pacifists were aberrants, but now it is recognised that this leadership is needed, and I say, not to a new place but back to a more natural place (which needs attention!).
What do you think? M